Historia, artykuły, słownik historyczny

Molier

  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • warning: Parameter 1 to theme_field() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/theme.inc on line 170.
  • warning: Parameter 1 to theme_field() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/theme.inc on line 170.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/modules/paging/paging.module on line 106.

Molier (fr. Molière), właściwie Jean Baptiste Poquelin (ur. 15 stycznia 1622 w Paryżu, zm. 17 lutego 1673 tamże), francuski komediopisarz, uważany za najwybitniejszego komediopisarza w historii literatury francuskiej, aktor, dyrektor teatru.Pochodził z rodziny mieszczańskiej, ukończył studia prawnicze, jednak pracy w zawodzie nigdy nie podjął. W 1643 r. założył w Paryżu wspólnie z Magdaleną Bejart Illustre Théâtre, wędrowną trupę, która wystawiała zapomniane farsy średniowieczne oraz włoskie commedia dell'arte. Gdy zespół zbankrutował, Molière został uwięziony za długi. Po wyjściu na wolność kontynuował życie wędrownego aktora aż do 1658 r., kiedy to jego trupa wróciła do Paryża. W 1659 roku wystawił tam swoją komedię Pocieszne wykwintnisie, która odniosła ogromny sukces, wzbudzając przychylność króla Ludwika XIV.Molière wierzył w skuteczność nauczania ze sceny. Komedie jego
odznaczają się niezwykłą różnorodnością i najwyższymi walorami
artystycznymi. Uprawiał tzw. wielką komedię, widowiska farsowe, komedię
heroiczną i komediobalet. Połączył w nich tradycję rodzimej farsy
ludowej z elementami włoskiej commedia dell’arte i klasycznej sztuki
komicznej (Arystofanes i Plaut). Prezentując galerię wiecznych typów
ludzkich, dawał zarazem satyryczny obraz francuskiej obyczajowości XVII
w. – ośmieszał salonową przesadę (Pocieszne wykwintnisie, wyst. 1659), niezrozumienie życia rodzinnego (Szkoła mężów, wyst. 1661, Szkoła żon, wyst. 1662), hipokryzję i zakłamanie dewotów (Świętoszek, wyst. 1664), wielkopańską pozę arystokratów (Don Juan, wyst. 1665), okrutną pogardę światowców wobec uczciwych i prostolinijnych (Mizantrop, wyst. 1666), manię gromadzenia bezużytecznych bogactw (Skąpiec, wyst. 1668).
Molière przepoił swą twórczość głębokim humanizmem – mimo goryczy i
pesymizmu wierzył w rozum ludzki i zdolność przezwyciężania zła oraz
opowiadał się za wolnym i godziwym wyborem własnej drogi. Zmarł na
scenie podczas wystawiania sztuki Chory z urojenia. Jego prochy spoczywają na cmentarzu Pere Lachaise w Paryżu.