Historia, artykuły, słownik historyczny

Rękopis

  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • : preg_replace(): The /e modifier is deprecated, use preg_replace_callback instead in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/unicode.inc on line 311.
  • warning: Parameter 1 to theme_field() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/theme.inc on line 170.
  • warning: Parameter 1 to theme_field() expected to be a reference, value given in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/includes/theme.inc on line 170.
  • : Function ereg() is deprecated in /home/elaiter/public_html/wortal_historyczny/modules/paging/paging.module on line 106.

Rękopis (manuskrypt) - zapisany odręcznie tekst, w odróżnieniu od powielanego mechanicznie. Termin
stosowany zwykle w odniesieniu do zabytkowych książek lub dokumentów pochodzących z okresu przed
upowszechnieniem się druku. W takim
rozumieniu każdy rękopis jest dziełem niepowtarzalnym o indywidualnych
cechach.Najdawniejsze rękopisy to:

  • inskrypcje na kamieniu np z kultury Vinča od 7500 lat temu.
  • na tabliczkach glinianych
  • chińskie na skorupach żółwia lub ryte w metalu
  • egipskie na zwojach papirusowych

W węższym znaczeniu rękopis to każdy tekst zapisywany ręcznie za pomocą np.
ołówka, atramentu, tuszu.W średniowieczu powielaniem rękopisów zajmowali się przede wszystkim mnisi. Ruch ten zapoczątkował w VI wieku rzymski polityk, historyk i
filozof Kasjodor fundując klasztor w
Vivarium.Ważne rękopisy średniowieczne i nowożytne, przede wszystkim cenne księgi i
dokumenty, często zdobiono iluminacjami. Najstarsze europejskie rękopisy
iluminowane pochodzą z VIII w., w Polsce z XI w. Przykłady polskich zabytków tego typu to m.in. Ewangeliarz
gnieźnieński, Złoty kodeks pułtuski (Ewangeliarz płocki), Sakramentarz
tyniecki, Kazania świętokrzyskie